Quick answer: Most airlines let small dogs fly in the cabin in an airline-approved carrier that fits under the seat, often with a combined weight limit around 20 pounds, though rules vary. Larger dogs may fly as checked baggage or cargo on some airlines, but many restrict flat-faced breeds and summer or winter cargo travel. Book early because pet spots are limited, check your airline's pet policy and fees, get a vet visit and any required health certificate, and practice carrier time for weeks before the trip. For international travel or returning to the US, check destination and CDC rules months ahead. For many dogs, driving or a trusted sitter is less stressful than flying.

First, should your dog fly?

Flying isn't the best choice for every dog. Ask yourself whether your dog really needs to come, or whether a trusted sitter or a road trip would be less stressful.

• Good candidates. Small, healthy, calm dogs who are comfortable in a carrier for hours.
• Think twice. Flat-faced breeds like Pugs, French Bulldogs and Bulldogs, which can have breathing problems in stressful or hot conditions.
• Talk to your vet first. Seniors, puppies, pregnant dogs and dogs with heart, breathing or anxiety conditions.
• Consider alternatives. A road trip, a pet sitter or boarding. See holiday boarding or pet sitter and traveling with your dog.

In-cabin vs. checked baggage vs. cargo

The way your dog flies depends mostly on their size and the airline.

• In cabin. Small dogs in a carrier that fits under the seat in front of you. Your dog stays with you for the whole flight. Many airlines have a combined dog and carrier weight limit, often around 20 pounds.
• Checked baggage. Some airlines allow larger pets to travel in a pressurized, temperature-controlled hold on the same flight as you. Fewer airlines offer this than in the past.
• Cargo or pet shipping programs. Dogs travel separately through the airline's cargo service or a professional pet shipper. Often used for moves and international travel.
• Service dogs. Trained service dogs may fly in the cabin under specific rules and forms. Emotional support animals are generally treated as regular pets by US airlines since a 2020 rule change by the Department of Transportation.

Many airlines restrict flat-faced breeds from traveling in the hold and may limit cargo travel during very hot or cold months.

Booking: 6 to 8 weeks before

Pet spots on flights are limited, so book early. Call or check online to add your dog to your reservation as soon as you book your own seat.

• Read the airline's pet policy. Weight limits, carrier sizes, fees and breed restrictions.
• Choose a direct flight. Fewer connections mean less stress and fewer chances for delays.
• Pick the right time. Cooler times of day in summer, midday in winter.
• Confirm the pet fee. Often charged each way.
• Check the aircraft. Under-seat space varies by plane and seat. Avoid bulkhead and exit rows, which usually don't allow pets underfoot.
• Check hotel and destination rules. Make sure your accommodation welcomes dogs.

Write down the name of the agent and any confirmation numbers for your pet's booking, and reconfirm 48 hours before you fly. Policies and aircraft can change, and a quick call can prevent surprises at the airport.

Paperwork and vet visit

Plan a vet visit a few weeks before you fly.

• Health certificate. Some airlines and many destinations ask for a recent health certificate from a veterinarian, often issued within about 10 days of travel. Check exact requirements.
• Vaccination records. Including rabies.
• Microchip. Check that it's registered with your current phone number. See microchips and ID tags.
• Medications. Bring enough for the trip plus extra in case of delays.
• Sedation. Most vets advise against sedating dogs for flights, since it can affect breathing and balance. Ask about safer anti-anxiety options.

Pack a small travel kit too. Our dog first aid kit checklist lists the essentials.

International travel and returning to the US

Flying abroad with a dog can take months of preparation. Many countries require specific vaccines, blood tests, microchips, waiting periods and endorsed health certificates.

Check the USDA APHIS pet travel site for destination requirements, and allow plenty of time. If your dog is entering or returning to the US, check the CDC's dog import rules, which were updated in 2024 and include requirements such as age, microchipping and a CDC Dog Import Form. Rules change, so confirm close to your travel date.

Choosing and sizing a carrier

The right carrier keeps your dog safe and comfortable.

• Airline approved. Soft-sided carriers with ventilation on several sides are common for cabin travel.
• The right size. Your dog should be able to stand, turn around and lie down comfortably, while the carrier still fits the airline's under-seat dimensions.
• Secure closures. Zippers that lock or clip.
• Comfortable bedding. An absorbent pad and a familiar blanket.
• ID label. Your name, phone number and destination on the outside.

Measure the carrier and compare it to your airline's limits before you buy.

Practice carrier time for weeks

This is the single most important step. Dogs who are relaxed in their carrier handle flights far better.

• Week 1. Leave the carrier open at home with treats and a blanket inside.
• Week 2. Feed meals in the carrier and close the door briefly.
• Week 3. Carry your dog around the house and take short car rides in the carrier.
• Week 4. Practice longer sessions, with background noise and busy places like a pet store.

Pair carrier time with a favorite chew so your dog associates it with good things.

If your dog gets queasy on the drive to the airport, our car sickness in dogs guide can help, and dog car safety covers safe restraints for the journey.

Packing checklist

Pack these in your carry-on:

• Documents. Health certificate, vaccine records and airline confirmation.
• Leash, collar and ID. Plus a harness for security checks.
• Food and collapsible bowls. Enough for the trip and delays.
• Water. Empty bottle to fill after security.
• Puppy pads and poop bags. For accidents and layovers.
• Wipes and paper towels. For quick cleanups in the carrier.
• Medications. Keep them in their original labeled containers.
• A familiar blanket or T-shirt. Comforting smells.
• A chew or lick mat. For calm moments.
• A bright bandana. Makes your dog easy to spot in busy terminals.

Travel day tips

On the day of your flight:

• Exercise first. A long walk before leaving home helps your dog rest.
• Light meal. Feed a small meal a few hours before the flight to reduce tummy upsets.
• Arrive early. Pet check-in can take extra time.
• Security. You'll usually carry your dog through the scanner while the carrier is X-rayed. A snug harness helps.
• Pet relief areas. Many airports have them. Find them on the airport map.
• Stay calm. Your dog takes cues from you.

A relaxed start to the day sets the tone for the whole journey.

During the flight

Keep your dog in the carrier under the seat for the whole flight, as most airlines require. Talk softly, offer a chew and resist opening the carrier. Offer small sips of water or an ice cube during long flights if your airline allows.

Watch for signs of distress like heavy panting, crying or trying to escape. A soft cover over part of the carrier can help some dogs settle. If your dog seems unwell, alert the crew.

After you land

Head to a pet relief area or outside as soon as you can. Offer water, a short walk and a calm space to decompress. Expect your dog to be tired, and keep the first day quiet.

In a new place, keep your dog on leash and close by, since stressed dogs may bolt. Update your contact details on their tag if you'll be staying a while.

Layovers, delays and cancellations

Even with careful planning, travel days don't always go to plan. Pack for at least a day longer than your trip takes. Extra food, water, pads, medication and a spare leash can save the day.

On layovers, find the nearest pet relief area as soon as you land. Some are inside security, others outside, so check airport maps in advance. If your flight is delayed or cancelled, ask the airline about pet-friendly hotel options and confirm your pet's spot on the new flight right away, since pet limits apply to each flight.

Helping an anxious flyer

Some dogs find the noise, crowds and confinement of air travel stressful. Preparation is your best tool. Weeks of positive carrier practice, short car rides and visits to busy places help your dog get used to the sights and sounds.

On the day, keep your own energy calm, offer a long-lasting chew and talk softly. A familiar blanket or a T-shirt that smells like you can be very comforting. Talk to your vet well before the trip if your dog has a history of anxiety. They may suggest a calming plan or a prescription medication that's safe for travel. Our thunderstorm anxiety guide has calming techniques that also help on travel days.

Common flying mistakes

Avoid these for a smoother trip:

• Booking your seat without the pet. Pet spots sell out.
• Buying the carrier the week before. Your dog needs time to get comfortable.
• Skipping the airline policy. Rules vary a lot.
• Feeding a big meal before the flight. It can cause tummy upset.
• Forgetting documents. Keep them easy to reach.
• Opening the carrier mid flight. Most airlines don't allow it, and stressed dogs may bolt.

Cheat sheet

Before you fly:

• Decide if flying is right for your dog.
• Book early and read the airline policy.
• Vet visit and paperwork.
• Weeks of carrier practice.
• Pack documents, food, water and ID.
• Exercise before, decompress after.

• Decide first. Not every dog should fly.
• Book early. Pet spots are limited.
• Check every rule. Airline, destination and CDC.
• Practice the carrier. Weeks ahead.
• Pack smart. Documents, food, water and ID.

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Can my dog fly in the cabin with me?

Many airlines allow small dogs in an under-seat carrier, often with a combined weight limit around 20 pounds. Check your airline.

How much does it cost to fly with a dog?

Fees vary by airline and are often charged each way. Check when booking.

Do I need a health certificate to fly with my dog?

Some airlines and many destinations require one, often within about 10 days of travel.

Can big dogs fly?

Some airlines allow larger dogs as checked baggage or cargo, with restrictions.

Are flat-faced dogs allowed to fly?

Many airlines restrict flat-faced breeds from the cargo hold because of breathing risks.

Should I sedate my dog for a flight?

Most vets advise against it. Ask about safer calming options.

Are emotional support animals allowed in cabins?

US airlines generally treat them as pets since a 2020 rule change.

What size carrier do I need?

One where your dog can stand and turn around, that also fits the airline's under-seat dimensions.

What do I need to bring my dog back into the US?

Check CDC dog import rules, updated in 2024, before you travel.

How do I keep my dog calm on a plane?

Practice carrier time for weeks, exercise before the flight and bring a familiar blanket and chew.